B5F13I3

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GARY MANGIACOPA ARCHIVE
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Title:      B5F13I3
Slug:       b5f13i3
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Built in only four months under the
pressure of war, the Monitor was a tech-
nological marvel. More than 170 feet
long but rising only 18 inches out of the
water, her deck was topped with a cy-
lindrical gun turret (hence her nickname,
"cheesebox on a raft"). Among her in-
novations were armor plating, the world's
first revolving gun turret, engines be-
low the waterline and one of the first
propellers. The Monitor also was the
first vessel with forced-air ventilation
in her cabin spaces, the first with a flush
toilet, and the first with an anchor that
could be controlled below deck.
Her career was brief but brilliant: At
Hampton Roads, Va., on March 9, 1862,
this lone and unsupported warship bat-
tled to a draw with the Confederate's
steam-powered ironclad. the Virginia
(the rebuilt Merrimack). It saved the
day for the Union fleet, which was block-
ading ports in the South. The Battle of
Hampton Roads ended the era of wooden
fighting ships, and the Monitor became
the prototype for the armored, turreted
warships that followed.
Most recently, the Monitor's cause
has been taken up by the National Foun-
dation for Maritime Conservation, a new-
ly formed private foundation headed by
F. Ross Holland, former director of res-
toration and preservation for the Statue
of Liberty. "One of our principal goals
is to raise money for the U.S.S. Moni-
tor Project," says Holland. "We also
want to develop a national policy about
what to do with underwater archaeolog-
ical sites. Right now, policies favor the
salvagers, often at the expense of the
ships."
"We have lost the opportunity to learn
a lot about our history and our ancestors
through the mishandling of other ship-
wrecks," says Edward Miller. "We don't
just want to pick up debris, like they did
with the Titanic. We want to do a con-
trolled excavation where we study the
debris field archaeologically and docu-
ment everything.
"And if we are not able to recover the
Monitor in our times, we should at least
slow its deterioration to insure that
tion for future generations.
op-
"The Monitor is a symbol of Yankee
ingenuity and courage in the face of
enemy might and a part of our national
pride." As a Navy midshipman, Miller
was part of the team that first identified
the wreck in 1973. "We derive national
pride from who we are, where we came
from and where we are going," he con-
tinued. "That same pride is reflected in
the landing on the moon and in the
Challenger space shuttle. The goal is to
preserve as much of that American pride
as is possible.
P
For more information about the U.S.S.
Monitor Project, contact the Marine
and Estuarine Management Division.
NOAA, Dept. P. 1825 Connecticut Ave..
N.W., Washington, D.C. 20235.
PARADE MAGAZINE DEC. 20, 1987 PAGE 11

[PAGE BREAK]

Divers find cannon believed to have been on Blackbeard's ship
BEAUFORT, N.C. (AP) - Underwater archae- pound or 8-pound ball, Southerly said. Divers
ologists have found another cannon from the
wreckage of what they believe was the flagship
of the notorious pirate Blackbeard.
Historical records indicate Blackbeard had 40
guns on the French frigate he captured in 1717
and renamed Queen Anne's Revenge. Since 1996,
when the wreckage of the ship was discovered in
Beaufort Inlet, divers have found 22 at the site.
"We're pretty positive that we have cannon
No. 23," said project archaeologist Chris
Southerly.
uncovered the cannon while excavating an area
of the shipwreck's northwest side where they
had not previously dug.
Divers also found a concretion with chain and
part of the mast rigging, and a 9- to 10-inch-
diameter cast-iron kettle. A concretion is a min-
eral buildup usually found in rock.
The dig, which began Monday, was a second
priority for the divers, whose main goal was to
survey the shipwreck site for storm damage.
They found several scoured areas, likely the
It is a large cannon that probably shot a 6- result of recent hurricanes, Southerly said.
9 October 2004 Saturday pose B5cal 5-6
New Haven fagister, Conn

[PAGE BREAK]

125 years after her famous battle at sea: CAN WE SALVAGE
THE MONITOR?
BY DAVID FAIRBANK WHITE
S
HE LIES IN A MURKY
grave 220 feet under the
Atlantic. Resting on her
gun turret, she sits atop
a barren underwater
plain. Nothing else sur-
rounds the wreck. No ridges, no signif-
icant marine growth.
For more than a century, the U.S.S.
Monitor, the Civil War ironclad that
was instrumental in saving the. Union
Navy from defeat, has been battered by
swift, corrosive underwater currents.
In World War II, her sunken hull was
placed in further peril when U.S. Navy
ships mistook it for a German subma-
rine and dropped depth charges on her.
And only now-125 years after she
sank in a gale in the early morning
hours of Dec. 31, 1862-has the U.S.
government begun a bold and com-
plex project to try to save the
wreck and, if possible, raise
it to the surface for res-
toration and preservation
in a museum.
Last March, the Mon-
itor was designated
the country's first un-
dersea National His-
toric Landmark, which
gives her the same sta-
tus as the Statue of Lib-
erty and Mount Vernon.
The question that the scien-
tists and government officials
involved in the salvage project-
and all of us-now face is: What kind
of effort should we as a nation under-
take to save the Monitor?
spheric Administration (NOAA). Their
goal was to see how fast the hull was
corroding and to determine which parts
could be preserved or salvaged. Be-
cause divers cannot easily do such survey
work, the team relied on the U.S. Navy's
Deep Drone, a sophisticated undersea
robot. The Drone approached to within
inches of the sunken wreck and tapped
its surface at key points, measuring the
amount of rust. Using underwater vid-
eo cameras and sensors, it also exam-
ined the engine room and the rudder
assembly and searched the sea floor for
debris that had been scattered in sink-
ing. The Drone then transmitted all the
data to the U.S. Navy support ship
Apache. In addition, it took more than
U.S. Navy
Marine archaeologists rediscovered She is a symbol of
the Monitor 16 miles south-southeast of
Cape Hatteras, N.C., in 1973. Subse-
quent diving expeditions reported dam-
age to the hull and recovered more than
lanterns, a bottle of pickle relish, an
iron davit used to launch a small boat,
100 artifacts, including one of the ship's
pieces of a mahogany cabinet from the
captain's cabin and the Monitor's 1300-
pound anchor. But vital information on
how drastically the ship had corroded
was unavailable.
Last June, a team of engineers, ar-
chaeologists, scientists and telemetry
experts spent two weeks collecting data
for the National Oceanic and Atmo-
the same national
pride reflected
Crew of U.S.S Monitor sits before her rounded gun turret in 1862.
Left: Within the year, a winter gale sank the warship (foreground).
2000 photographs, | no longer intact, and any lifting scheme
which scientists are as-
sembling into a photo-
mosaic of the hull.
The most ambitious sal-
vage plan would be to re-
cover the entire warship and
place it in a museum. The chief
obstacle to that option, say experts, is
cost: The price tag of bringing up the
Monitor including recovery, restora-
tion and eventual display-would be
about $40 million. (Some of the ship's
fittings are at the Mariners' Museum in
Newport News, Va.; however, no site is
now available to show the entire vessel,
if it should be raised.) Once a decision
is reached, the experts add, the actual
archaeology, recovery and conservation
in the "Challenger"
in the "Challenger" could take 10 to 15 years.
space shuttle,
says one expert
"It would be totally impractical to
salvage the ship as a whole," declares
Capt. Charles A. Bartholomew, super-
visor of salvage and diving for the U.S.
Navy. "I don't think it is cost effective,
unless you are willing to spend mega-
bucks.'
"Part of the problem is that the hull is
can damage the ship," says Edward M.
Miller, manager of the NOAA's U.S.S.
Monitor Project. A branch of the De-
partment of Commerce, the NOAA has
final responsibility for the Monitor.
Archive
"The data that we compiled last sum-
mer will give us hard answers," adds
Miller, who expects a complete analy-
sis of the Deep Drone's findings early
next year. "But we are not only look-
ing at recovery of the entire ship. We
can devise a way to retard corrosion.
Or we can try to preserve the ship right
there on the sea floor. The larger ques-
tion is: How do we preserve what is
there until we do have the resources and
technology to selectively recover it? If
we are not able to raise the Monitor as
a single unit, we should at least pre-
serve parts of her as best as we can,
because they have lasting value for fu-
ture generations.
"This is not strictly a government
project. We are trying to procure pri-
vate sponsorship. And it would be great
if we could get schoolchildren involved
in our efforts."
PAGE 10 DECEMBER 20, 1987 PARADE MAGAZINE

[PAGE BREAK]

32A
THE NEW HAVEN REGISTER, SUNDAY, JUNE 19, 1977
Civil War Monitor May Be Recovered
RALEIGH, N.C. (UPI) - The man
who directed a research expedition to the
site of the Monitor says scientists no long-
er doubt the Civil War Ironclad can be
recovered from the ocean floor.
"We all think recovery is feasible be-
cause of our experience with marine
technology, said Dr. Robert Sheridan,
chairman of the University of Delaware's
marine biology program.
Sheridan and other scientists were
elated by the findings of the four-day ex-
pedition in early April to test the environ-
ment around the Ironclad, which lies
where it sank in the Atlantic Ocean in
1862. The Monitor is upside down in 220
feet of water 16 miles south-southeast of
Cape Hatteras.
"It was tremendously successful be-
yond our wildest dreams," said John New-
ton, executive director of the Monitor Re-
search and Recovery Foundation in
Beaufort, N.C. "We've made tremendous
strides, but there's still a lot to be done.-
The Monitor, designed by Swedish
inventor John Ericsson, contained 40
inventions, that could have been patented,
had there been time. Among the inven-
tions were a movable turret, flush toilets,
a hidden anchor and a force-air ventila-
tion system.
The "cheese box on a raft," as the
Minotor was called sank in a storm New
Year's Eve, 1862, nine months after its
inconclusive battle with the Merrimac.
Among the things scientists aboard
the research vessel Cape Henlopen found
was that ocean currents on the sea floor
around the wreckage are gently enough
for divers to explore the area.
There were suspicions that the usual-
ly violent weatherc conditions in the
"Graveyard of the Atlantic," where
powerful winds and heavy seas are a com-
mon occurrence, would hamper the
project. "We were very happy to have that
finding," said Sheridan in a telephone
interview from his office in Delaware.
"We needed to have that rpoof before
going on."
But Sheridan, who was part of the
research team that discovered the zmoni-
tor in 1973, said it may be longer than first
anticipated before divers are sent to
probe the forerunner of the modern bat-
tleship.
The diving is being posponed to
make more firm decisions abut what they
should do," he said.
Scientists are hoping for another voy-
age in July or August to conduct more
experiments, but no date has been set.
Another important finding from the
first expedition backed up earlier beliefs
that the ocean floor near the wreckage is
cohesive enough to hold together if scien-
Monitor Crew's
Descendants Sought
RALEIGH, N.C. (UPI) Old family
papers and bric-a-brac in attics may help
in the recovery of the Civil War ironclad
Monitor, if they can only be found.
"We are searching for descendants of
Monitor crewmen so we can find out more
about the construction of the ship," said
John Newton, of Beaufort, N.C., execu-
tive director of the Monitor Research and
Recovery Foundation.
"We're looking for letters or anything
that would help us understand how the
interior of the ship looked, where machin-
ery was, events that may have occurred
on board.
?'"
"What we'd like to know is something
like, 'where was the Rivington pump?'
he said. "This will be important in giving
divers some idea of where everything was
located. They need to recognize what
they're looking at."
Newton said he is interested in hearing
from descendants of both the 60 Monitor
and 300 Merrimac crewmen, since the two
ships were so closely linked in history.
He estimated there could be about 10,-
000 descendants, but so far has only heard
from 12 and knows only of about two
dozen. He said those he has heard from
provided invaluable information.
Mrs. Robert F. Lent of Hancock, N.H.,
whose great uncle was an assistant engi-
neer on the Monitor, provided a piece of
metal apparently salvaged from the ship.
"I had a piece of the Monitor knocked
off from the fight with the Merrimac,"
said Mrs. Lent. "When I discovered they
were looking for Moitor descendants, I
wrote and asked if they'd like the piece to
see if it matched the ship they had found."
Louise Bushnell of New York City gave
Newton "a whole lot of stuff" left by her
grandfather, Cornelius Bushnell, who fi-
nanced the ship and intervened with
President Lincoln to see that the Moni-
tor's unique design was accepted.
Thomas F. Rowland, of Kennebunk-
port, Me., is the grandson of the man who
built the Monitor and owned the New
York shipyard where it was constructed.
He has given a copy of the original model
to Newton, and still has a set of the origi-
nal tracings drawn by his grandfather's
draftsman.
Descendants of the Monitor or Merri-
mac, or anyone with information pertain-
ing to the ships, may contact Newton at
the Monitor Research and Recovery
Foundation, P.O. Box 1862, Beaufort, N.C.
28516.
tists decide to recover the Monitor by dig-
ging under the surface and lifting the ship
and sediment together.
"Now we know that to dig into the
sediment to pull something out of the sedi-
ment would require so many tons of
force," Sheridan said. "It looks like forces
needed to penetrate the sediments are not
unreasonable and are within the limits of
technology.
A third finding from the April re-
search trip indicated that both the bow
and the stern, which face into the ocean
floor, are supported from below. Sheridan
said this was important because there
would be stress on the wreckage during
recovery.
Among the suggested recovery meth-
ods are freezing the waters and ocean
floor around the ship and lifting the entire
package for transferral to shallower wa-
ters, where further exploration can be
done with less difficulty.
Another method calls for the Glomar
Explorer to dig under the sea floor below
the wreckage and, again, lift the entire
mass for removal to shallower waters.
Sheridan, who is also president of the
Monitor Research and Recovery Founda-
tion, said that the data from the April
voyage indicates either of those two meth-
ods would be the best.
A third suggestion, which would in-
volve dismantling the wreckage and
removing it piece-by-piece, is turning out
to be the least feasible of the three, he
said. "Any dismantling would be difficult
in its present location."
Sheridan said scientists hope to
recover the Monitor before 1980, especial-
ly if the Glomar is used. He said the exp-
lorer is scheduled to be used for unrelated
deep sea drilling expeditions during the
1890s.
Sheridan, a self-described Civil War
buff, said he hopes the effort to save the
Monitor can be undertaken because "it's
clear to us that the wreck is a resource
that should not be wasted.

[PAGE BREAK]

Project launched to save
Civil War vessel Monitor
pcs Asbury Park Press!
The Associated Press
ANNAPOLIS, Md. A historical
preservation group and a federal agen-
cy announced yesterday that they have
launched a project aimed at raising the
wreck of the USS Monitor, a Civil War
ironclad vessel.
The National Trust for Historic
Preservation, a private, non-profit or-
ganization, and the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration,
which is responsible for the ship, are
collaborating on the project.
The Monitor, famous for its duel
with the Confederate ironclad Virginia
formerly the Union's Merrimac
sank during a storm on Dec. 31, 1862,
less than a year after it was launched,
in 200 feet of water 16 miles off Cape
Hatteras, N.C.
The "first battle of the ironclads"
came to symbolize the end of wooden
gunboats and the beginning of the era
of the modern fighting ship.
The shipwreck was discovered in
1973. Two years later the U.S. secre-
tary of commerce designated the Mon-
itor and its surrounding waters the first
national marine sanctuary.
The National Trust will provide
the federal agency with a way to raise
private funds for the project, as well as
technical expertise, said Nancy Foster,
chief of the administration's sanctary
programs. Ms. Foster said it could be
four or five years before a major
structure from the Monitor could be
recovered, or the ship raised, if such
work is found to be feasible.
"We will not raise the ship unless
we know we can conserve it, display it
and, of course, pay for it," Ms. Foster
said at a Naval Academy ceremony
marking the 10th anniversary of the
sanctuary designation. She said she
could give no estimate for the cost of
the project.
More than 100 artifacts have been
recovered from the ship, including a
lantern that went on public display
yesterday for the first time. The lantern
was the last thing spotted by crew
members aboard the Rhode Island,
which had been towing the slower-
moving Monitor, before the ship sank
and 16 men lost their lives.
Because of the Monitor's precar-
ious position and exposure to corrosive
currents, efforts must be undertaken
soon if it is to be saved, said Phillip
Lundeberg, retired curator of the
Smithsonian Institution's division of
naval history.
"Simply stated, time is running out
on the Monitor," Lundeberg told an
audience that included descendents of
the ship's builders and officers.
The ship is resting upside down on
its turret, which gave the Monitor its
"cheesebox on a raft" name, Ms. Fos-
ter said. Because it is sitting on a sandy
bottom and is not embedded in mud,
the ship has been subject to a high
degree of corrosion, she said.
The 173-foot Monitor, which was
armed with two 11-inch, muzzle-load-
ing cannon protected by eight inches of
armor, also is believed to have been
damaged by depth charges dropped
during World War II by American
ships that may have mistaken it for an
enemy submarine, Ms. Foster said.

[PAGE BREAK]

Friday March 8
Milford Conn
, 1974
MILFORD CITIZEN
t
la
S
112 YEARS AGO-This photo from North Carolina Archives
and History Department shows a sailor standing on the deck 20
of the U.S.S. Monitor, reported found 15 miles Southeast of a
Cape Hatteras.
(UPI)
1862 Monitor
Discovered
Off Hatteras
DURHAM, N.C. (UPI) - Duke University scientists say
the remains of the famous Civil War ironclad USS Monitor
are too fragile to raise from the Atlantic using current
salvage techniques.
John G. Newton, marine superintendent for oceanography
at the school's marine laboratory in Beaufort, N.C., said
Thursday the ship has been found lying upside down in 220
feet of water about 15 miles southeast of the Cape Hatteras
light house.
Newton said the wreck was "very fragile" and would be
difficult to raise. Rivets holding its iron plates have
deteriorated in places and much of the hull is marine en-
crusted
The wreckage of the 112-foot craft, said Newton, is past the
safe range for skin diving and lies in a depression at the edge
of the Gulfstream where two knot currents make diving, even
for suited divers, "extremely dangerous.
The Monitor, often called the "cheesebox on a raft," is
considered the forerunner of modern warships. Its deck was
almost flush with the water and it carried a single, revolving
turret.

[PAGE BREAK]

The vessel, which fought the Confederate ironclad
Merrimac to a draw in Hampton Roads, Va., on March 9,
1862, swamped and sank in a gale Dec. 31, 1862, while under
tow to Charleston, S.C., where it was to participate in a
federal blockade.
Identification of the craft was made following five months
of examination of underwater television pictures, photo-
graphs, and historic records. Advanced electronic equipment
also was used in the search.
"The first evidence we had was that the wreck was unique
-it didn't resemble any vessel," Newton said. The turret, he
added, apparently fell off the ship as it sank and the hull is
resting on an angle of the turret.
Currents moving past the Monitor have created a 600-foot
long depression on the shellstrewn ocean floor.
The ship, found by the school's research vessel "East-
ward," was located by following the path of the Monitor's tow
ship, the Rhode Island, as recorded in its log. Positive
identification was aided by an 1861 handwritten description,
thought to be a copy of the original contract specified by the
ship's designer and builder, John Erricsson.
(UPF
GA.
S.C.
Norfolk
-35-
Pamlico Sound
Atlantic
Ocoan
APPROX.
AREA OF
SINKING
-30-
CAPE
HATTERAS
ROUTE OF
'MONITOR'
UNDER TOW
-35-
'MONITOR'
FOUND HERE
FLA
SUNKEN TREASURE-Duke Univ. scientists say the
remains of the famous Civil War Ironclad USS Monitor are
too fragile to raise from the Atlantic using current salvage
techniques. An official at the school's Marine Laboratory
said the ship has been found lying upside down in 220 feet of
water about 15 miles southeast of the Cape Hatteras Light
House.
(UPI)
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[PAGE BREAK]

page 22 Monday 15 June 1987.
Monitor wreck rapidly corroding
By MALCOLM W. BROWNE
N.Y. Times News Service
NEW YORK - Scientists probing
the sunken wreck of the Civil War
gunboat Monitor have concluded
ing so rapidly that a decision will
that the historic ironclad is corrod-
have to be made soon on what to do
with the wreck.
For the past two weeks one of the
built has been photographing, prob-
most advanced deep-sea robots ever
ing, testing and measuring the
coral-encrusted hulk of the Monitor.
The wreck lies in 220 feet of water
16.7 statute miles southeast of Cape
Hatteras, N.C.
The $1.8-million expedition is a
joint undertaking of the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
Smithsonian Institution, the
tration, the United States Navy, the
National Parks Department and
other organizations.
The Navy's contribution includes
the loan of its ocean-going tug, the
Apache, which has been moored in
the storm-tossed Atlantic Ocean
directly over the Monitor.
"At issue," said Edward M.
Miller, one of the oceanic agency
expedition, "is whether any given
officials who are directing the
part of the Monitor should be raised,
alone." For example, the turret,
preserved in place, or simply left
is supporting the port quarter of the
partly buried under the ocean floor,
hull, which is upside down.
Miller said the hull resting on the
turret is supported by a rapidly
corroding armor belt, a band of
armor plate along the sides of the
ship. "Before long," he said in a
shipboard interview, "the armor will
rust through and the wreck will
break in two. But if we were to
displace the hull from the turret to
relieve the stress, the exposure of the
turret to ocean turbulence would
increase, and this might hasten the
destruction of the turret, which is
particularly valuable from an
archeological viewpoint.
29
Whatever decision is ultimately
taken on the basis of the current
investigation, Miller said, the situa-
tion must be carefully but rapidly
weighed, and adequate financing
must be assured in advance. "If we
were to raise some key parts of the
Monitor, we would have to be
certain that money would be avail-
able to preserve them and also to
display them properly, not just bury
them in some Federal warehouse,'
he said.
"The Monitor epitomizes
America's technological, political
and cultural heritage, and it is
priceless."
The Monitor, launched Jan. 30,
1862, at the Greenpoint section of
Brooklyn, was the star participant in
the most famous naval engagement
of the Civil War - the Battle of
Hampton Roads, near Norfolk,
Va.

[PAGE BREAK]

Merrimack will stay buried
PORTSMOUTH, Va. (UPI) Five
years ago, Clive Cussler became
fascinated by the mysteries of ships
that ended up in Davy Jones' locker
because of war or disaster.
"Shipwrecks are incredible mys-
teries," he said. "I think murder
pales next to a shipwreck as a mys-
tery. It's a part of history."'
But one mystery will elude Cus-
sler. For six months, he and a crew
had been searching the dark, muddy
Elizabeth River in Portsmouth for
remains of the Civil War ironclad
ship Merrimack.
Cussler, the author of the 1976
bestseller "Raise the Titanic!," and
his crew were unable to bring up
very much of the ship because most
of it is buried under tons of mud. So
they are leaving the ship to rest.
"There were about 18 to 20 of us
who tried awfully hard to find some-
thing," Cussler said. "But there was
very little left. I'd give my left arm
for the Merrimack.'
The Merrimack, called the Virgin-
ia by the Confederates, was one of
the first ironclads used in battle and
the one fray noted in history books
was the March 1862 clash with its
Union foe, the Monitor.
It was the first battle between
ironclad ships, and neither was able
to pierce the other's hull after four
hours of fighting.
The Monitor eventually withdrew,
and the Merrimack returned to the
Portsmouth shipyard.
When Confederate troops were
forced to leave the shipyard on May
10, 1862, the Merrimack's crew ran it
aground, set it afire and blew it up.
"We have records that the debris
from that explosion rained down on
the shore and water for miles
around," Cussler said. "In the late
1870s, there was an attempt to raise
the ship, but it broke in two and
dropped back into the water.'
Since the 1930s, the banks around
Craney Island have been dredged,
burying the Merrimack's remains
under more mud.

[PAGE BREAK]

always makes excuses for him, but
that doesn't help the rest of our
lungs. 21
We have to wait for Dad before
we eat, and Mom never cooks any-
thing he doesn't like. She won't let
me cook, as she says I don't know
how, but if I say "Teach me," she
says she's too busy. If we don't pick
up, or do things right away, Dad yells
or twists our arms. - Mixed Up and
Mad in Minnie
It's so frustrating to see someone
you care doing something you know
is unhealthy, but your father has to
want to quit himself. If you nag, it
may provoke him to smoke more.
Someday when your mother is in
a good mood, talk over your frustra-
tions about cooking. Ask if you could
make a side dish, or a dessert for
special occasions. She can choose the
day. If she can't help you, try one of
the good kid's cookbooks.
I am most concerned about your
father's yelling and arm twisting. It
is good you are in that group. Talk to
your leader about this problem. She
may be able to suggest further help.
Organizations such as the Family
Service Association can give family
198
ASA
Beth
brother always talk dirty. I ask them
to stop, but they don't seem to care. I
told my boyfriend, if he liked me, he
wouldn't do it. He sends me candy
and stuff but doesn't stop this talk.
Frustrated
You need to think, and decide
whether you want to put up with this
kind of talk, or break up. There are
other boys who would respect your
wishes more.
As for your brother, you can only
ignore him. Leave the room when he
starts up.
Dear Beth: I'm 18. My boyfriend
and I really love each other, but he is
bugging me to go to bed with him.
I'm scared. What should I tell him?
How should I act? - Virgin
Being scared is a valid reason.
Tell him you aren't ready for this
giant step. It takes courage to follow
your inner voice, but if you act sure
of your decision, and if he TRULY

[PAGE BREAK]

Kennebec Jounal, Augusta, Maine
D4
Saturday, September 15, 2001
History
* Central Maine Newspapers
Blackbeard legend lures scientists to wreck
By JAY PRICE
Raleigh News & Observer
MOREHEAD CITY, N.C.
For pirate
gold, it's remarkably uninspiring: a bare-
ly visible fleck of gold that geologist Jim
Craig had just panned from a handful of
-muck.
Even at 18th-century prices, it wouldn't
have bought much. But these days, it and
the other artifacts being raised from the
wreck believed to be that of Blackbeard's
flagship, the Queen Anne's Revenge, are
drawing from scientists across the coun-
try.
Only a fraction of the artifacts have
been raised from the site just off Atlantic
Beach. But already scientists have stud-
ied everything from the ring patterns in
the wood of the ship's planks to the inter-
nal structure of individual grains of gold
dust.
They hope to erase any remnant of
doubt about the ship's identity and to re-
place the myths about pirate life with
hard facts-facts that will underpin ex-
'traordinary museum exhibits and flesh
out history textbooks.
"I think we all need to better appreci-
ate the meaning of this wreck," said
Craig, a metals expert at Virginia Tech.
"Apparently in the archaeological world,
this is like discovering a new element, or
the world's biggest gold deposit."
A tiny state team is running the project
on a shoestring budget of $250,000 a year.
But since the wreck's discovery in 1996,
'the group has pulled together more than
35 outside scientists and technicians
such as Craig, luring them with little
more than the romance of the Black-
beard story.
"We've just had people jumping up and
down volunteering to help us, and what
they've done has gone far beyond any-
thing we've ever tried to do before," said
Steve Claggett, North Carolina's state ar-
chaeologist.
And why not? This shipwreck is an ex-
traordinary opportunity for researchers;
as both a pirate and a slave ship, the
wreck is a window into compelling histo-
ry.
Some of the scientists are from univer-
sities while others are from private firms,
government agencies, such as the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, and other
states' archaeological teams.
x
Some pop in for a day or two, pick up
a sample, deal with a specific question
or problem and that's it. Others have
been involved almost since the wreck
was found in 1996, putting in hundreds
e of
the
a b c d
unque Au jo be a
- a b c d
de la o op I..
S
Geologist Jim Craig examines a fleck of gold he has just panned from a handful of muck retrieved from the site of the shipwreck believed to be the flagship of Blackbeard the
pirate.
other expensive, high-tech machinery.
"We're all just bootlegging it," said Dr.
Christopher S. Martens of the University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, who is
leading the radiocarbon dating project on
artifacts from the wreck.
"We all realize that the site could eas-
ily be disturbed, and it's important to
get as much done as you can before it's
damaged by a hurricane," Martens said.
"All of us are, to some extent, used to
calling our friends and trying to work
out deals, where we do something scien-
tifically for them and they do something
for us.
"Apparently in the archaeological world, this is like discovering
a new element, or the world's biggest gold deposit."
Michael Baille of Queen's University of
Belfast, Northern Ireland. One of the
world's top dendrochronologists (ex-
perts in the study of tree rings), he flew
in last summer to have a look at wood
from the wreck, in part to see if it could
The staff a diely determine the
aieta
a was a punoj
se to a pod uv
and to
So far as
s to be
de
as a to je p
were loaded, a rare find.
With so much science being brought to
bear, the archaeologists say they can on-
ly guess what students will one day be
able to learn from the wreck.
"Collectively, it's been a pleasant sur-
Jim Craig prise just to get the body of evidence
that continues to support the identity of
the wreck," said Mark Wilde-Ramsing,
who directs the Queen Anne's Revenge
project for the North Carolina Division
of Archives and History.
silver. It's the personality that's the
linchpin.'
22
"We've got Caribbean rocks, lead
from the Mediterranean (near where
the ship may have been built). And
there is the thought, can we get at
these cultural questions - who are
se
One day, there will be a massive museum
exhibit on the wreck, and it's expected to in-
clude one of the most significant collections
of 18th-century cannons in the world. For
one thing, there were a lot of them among
as a
te pe
e dans sa o RA a 10 ed
- da

[PAGE BREAK]

IMBLING RACES
IN LAKE STEAMERS
hadians Declare It Is Due
to Americans That Vice
Is Growing.
EATING IS INCESSANT
tection Almost Impossible, it
Is Asserted, on Account
of Way of Playing
VOCROOK, WORK TOGETHER
hods by Which They Are Enabled to
Oct the Better of the Very Inno-
cent Traveller.
PRONTO, Ont., Baturday -Gambling on the
senger vessels of the great lakes has
ched blg proportions in recent years dur-
the tourist season Now it is at its
tht. since traffic is very heavy
anadians are Inclined to attribute this in-
sing vice to the Americans who have
rrun Canada in recent years. They and
tourists from the States are held respon-
o for the gambling on the packet vesseis
Ontario, Erle, Huron and Superior. The
d gamen are much In evidence on the
rmous passenger vessels plying between
adlan ports on Huron and Superlor.
he half dozen companies engaged in this
senger business find it lucrative, and
ne of the handsomest steamships on in-
id waters are found in this trade.
They
o a water haul of 1,500 miles, and for nine
ths of the year the profit is satisfac-
The Canadian Pacific, in competition
h the transcontinental lines of the States,
es all passengers using Its line across the
tinent the privilege of the delightful wa-
route, leaving the boat train enstbound
Fort William, coming south and catching
train again at Owen Sound a fine sall of
NEW YORK HERALD, BUNDAY, JULY 26, 1903.
en
Home of Blackbeard, America's Cruelest Pirate,
Still Standing on the North Carolina Coast
OLD FIREPLACE DY THE CORDER OF THE
DEATH CHAMBER
week. There are thirty or forty immense Remarkable Relic of Famous
ating palaces for passengers only
on
and Buperior in
ron
Illam trade.
the Duluth-Fort
Buccaneer Who Was Far
HOUSE OCCUPIED BY BLACK BEARD
FUSE BLOWS OUT,
PANIC ON THE "L"
Shower of Sparks Follows Eas
Trivial Accident and Sev.
eral Laborers Are Hurt
CLIMB FROM CAR WINDOWS IS
Wild Rush Made to Leave the Car Suc
When Fire Shows Signs
of Spreading.
Beveral men were hurt as the result of an
exploalon following the burning out of a fuso
on a Third avenue elevated motor car at
Ninety-ninth street early yesterday. Two re-
quired medical attendance.
The train drawn by the motor car was
pulling out of the Ninety-ninth street station
when the shoe which works on the third
rail broke and caused a short circuit Im-
mediately the fuse on the car was blown
put with a loud report. The explosion was
heavy enough to shatter many of the win-
dows of the car. Blue flames enveloped the
car and the passengers, who were nearly all
Italian laborera, were panic stricken.
- H
The men did not stop to find the cause of
the trouble, but made a wild rush from the
car, as did the laborers in the cars on either
Many attempted to climb out of the
alde.
windows but the majority made a rush for
the doors to get to the station platform.
Policeman Shaw was standing on the
street, near the station, and hearing the ex-
plosion, ran to the station. He said that he
was enveloped in a shower of sparks, and
seemingly a shower of hats, as the passen-
gers. In their efforts to get off the train, lost
their headgear.
two
low
the
who
tlon
Cou
to t
begi
Ar
Shaw met the men as they rushed down
the stairs. He saw several of them bleeding
from cuts on the head and face, and found
who were severely hurt. Lorenzo Pi-
Bano, thirty-seven years old, of No. 239 East
170th street was cut severely on both wrists
and Michael Peglo, thirty years old, of No.
612 East 150th street, received a bad cut on
the left wrist. These two men were taken
to the East 14th street station Dr. Kraus-
kopf, of the Harlem Hospital, dressed their
wounds.
out
cant
that
Phil
in I
fort
Th
bot
dur
•year
Wa
me
the
me!
A
res
read
fru
ha
m
WI
C
Wr
the
but
tra
fri
bo

[PAGE BREAK]

"Big Pota" Raked In
While there is not the glamour around the
ke vessels and their cargo games that sur
inded the old lower Mississippl boats.
ney is plentiful among the lake card play-
and some big "pots are raked In by the
rtunate gambiers. While the rule is to
clude professional gamesters, It is difficult
distingulan the protessional from the aver-
player who drops in to while away the
no in a little game of draw.
'oker is aimust the invariable rule. With
wild crowd of tourists that come down
m the Canadian Northwest through the
rt William gateway and swing Ick and
th between the big cities of the States,
sing both ways over this delightful
irse, it is not unusual to see games in
ich a man requires all his facilties to win.
From the West has come the custom of
ying with two decks, using the joker as
Ifth ace and to fill flushes and straights.
is farlilties cheating to an alarming e
It also makes the game faster, and
fellows who want action on their money
the greatest possible excitement out of
Kame.
While the dealer is putting out hands the
in to his right is shuming the deck that
Just been used This naker 'cold deck-
easy and gives the expert who can run
hla han in every opportunity to practise
art with the least possible chances of de-
tlon.
hen, too, the danger of a "gn play or a
If thrust, that contributed to make the
1 Mississippi play exciting does not obtain
An armed man in Canada Is the ex-
Te.
ption and the use of weapons would cer-
inly mean a term in prison, whether the
tim was caught cheating or not. Gam-
rn any this Immunity from summary pun-
ment encourages crooked card playing.
Cheats Work in Pairs.
The cheats usually work in pair, and if
re are but six in the game which la the
le. It becomes mere child's play for ex-
118 to clean out the gamesters who are not
se. If there are six in the game the two
eaters do not resort to the run up of hands,
ch. for instance, as shutting up three of
kind so that they will fall to a certain
yrr, and the cheat will, at the same time
Inrer as or small flush They use the
I count down. It is simple and has been
rked by cheats wherever the great Ameri-
1 game has been play
The cheaters sit opposite each other. That
ve two plays between them. The cards
cut to the left where two decks are used.
t brings each cheater into position where
cuts the derk his partner has shumed
huming the cheats see to it with their
xterity that a ret of three of a kind is left
the deck Immed nte'y un ter the st thirty
rds to come off. This Is pec all eARY
ere lx are playing and the six hands are
all around The pet (for all are Jackpots)
pened, and invertava.
Even whe several draw cards It In A
tter of fiple calculation to leave the
k. after being humed, with a set of
e of and under the top thirty Then
en the ran to the right of the cheat
ks up the deck, after being shuffled, and
in passed to the cheat on the left to cut.
make a false cut. and the innocent
der hands the cardenit nccording to the
y they have been counted down
When Crooked Play Comes In.
The crooked play comes when the pot is
nod
Tbe cheat to the left of the dealer
own when he draws cards a set of three
a kind must come to him. The rule is to.
en possible, count down three face cards.
erefore, if the cheat has a pair of any
d he immediately raises the
wing he must come out with n full. If he
not a pair he holds up two face cards, or
none. In the hope that he may come out
h four of a kind. But these games are
tty fast, and three of a kind always in
hole, as the term is. makes a clean-up
the crooks Tinion Man wh
Worse Than Morgan.
ment.
FRATES & WERE THE BLACK BEARD LANDING ONCE PRST
DEATH CHAMBER IN ATTIC at removed, the bodies of murdered cap-
W
ELIZADETH CITY, N. C., Saturday.
ITHIN two miles of this town
still stands the former home of the
greatest pirate that ever infested
the American court, a man who in
the early part of the eighteenth century.
made himself master of the high seas and
forced the world to acknowledge his raval
supremacy as no other man has ever done.
This was Edward Teach, otherwise Black-
beard.
This whole locality was for more than n
hundred years a rendezvous for pirates of
the world, and the wife of Governor Pinck-
ney walke the plank off Dare county, N.C.
When Edward Teach lett Bristol, England,
ca his Пrst cruiso he was a mere sailor.,
Morgan, the famous buccaneer and privateer,"
had already introduced piracy as a "gen-
tleman's vocation, and unul King Charles
11. gave him command of Jamalea as Gover-
HOT he had created widespread consterna-
tlon. The next king was not so friendly and
Morgan led to have returned to his loot.
and lieutenant
Teach was by this time his boon companion
After the death of Morgan Teach returned
to England, wire he squandered his gains
With the support of one Korngold, an old
mariner of Morgan's fleet. Teach was en-
able to fit out vessel and go into piracy
for himself. With an excellent training in
cruelty under Morgan, Teach began a career
which is without a parallel It was left for
him to adopt Mongolian methods, murdering
women and children with relentless cruelty
Teach's first action on leiving the English
const was to follow the Gulf Stream straight
to Carolina, where he made for the sounds
On the upper bank of the Pasquotank he
planted a colony, accessible from the Sound.
In the Pirate's Home.
The house which the pirate built is now
occupied by a well to do farmer. It is two
stories high, with a deep basement, walled
In by rocks, which have given way to time,
exposing the basement to view from the out-
sile. All the material was originally brought
from England, and though the floors and
roofs have been repaired the outside walls
of English glazed brick show scarcely a
crack The doors and inner walls are carved
an panelle
The attic, above the second story, was, ac-
cording to tradition, the death chamber, or
execution room Here on the Hoor dull
aplashes and spattered drops of blood are
discernible
There is in the great replace in the attic
a hidden opening which leads to the bane-
SECURE TIMBER
LAND IN MEXICO
opener American Capitalists Invest
in Southern Re-
public.
Into this opening. the bricks being
tives were thrown into the moat below.
which swept them out into the river and
Bound beyond.
A secret door led from the first floor to the
basement, which seems to have been the
chlef Jall, as it has barred windows. There
are marks all over the wood work.
Here Tench seems to have lived undis-
turbed. In the County Court of Pasquotank
county, N. C. there are recorded certain
deeds grant titles, to one Teach.
With the Inlets along the banks, which
protect and create the sounds, well guarded
SAY SHE CAN TURN
FLESH INTO STONE
and with the inadequate method of nival Georgia Physician Asserts That
attack in vogue in the days of 8panish su-
premacy, It was easy for the pirate chieftain
to establish himself securely and defy the
authorities
He
Teach obtained the title of Blackbeard goon
after he became an independent pirate
minde for himself a horse hair beard, which
rep
17h and unnatural growth
He Has Discovered Method
This USES
Ahap of spreading terror
among those who fell into his hands.
beard was tied in red ribbon bows, and had
the desired effect.
Fell in Fierce Combat.
Blackbeard's end was tragic.
While the
pirate was In winter quarters and most or
his cutthroats had scattered over the Span-
h main, Governor Spotteswaode, of Vir-
ginia, sent Lleutenant Maynard of the
British navy with about thirty pleked man.
to Reek Blackbeard. The latter, is said to
have had seventeen men with him
Maynard went to the pirate s home in a
small vessel.
Beeing the armed craft approach. Black-
beard, with his usual daring went out after
It. After an exchange of brands! lea and a
battle of short duration the English vessel
suddenly presented a scene of affright. The
men became frantle and rushed below deck.
giving the ship up to the pirate.
Blackbeard was caught in a ruse and
boldly grappled with his opponent's boat.
Mounting the "gun'als' the pirate cew
dashed recklessly on the captured English
Vessel At command the hatchways were
thrown back and a swarm of expert swords-
men dashed to meet the buccaneers.
A terrible battle followed Ickheard
led his men with his usual intrepility. At
the last, when victory seened within the
grasp of Blackheard, a word entered his
Tady and he fell wounded, so that his men
lost heart and were nearly all 14
The head of Teach was severed from the
body, and with this trophy mounted on the
bowsprit the English lleutenant returned to
Virginia
Searchers for Blackbeard's treasure have
dug all along the Carolina shores, but all in
vain. Every occupant of his house has hd
the craze, but not a trace of his ill gotten
wealth has ever been found.
HOW SALESMEN CAN
MAKE WOMEN BUY
Ribbon Sellers Should Be Psy-
chologists, and Not Think
of Anger, Says Expert.
of Preservation.
CHEMICAL AGENCIES
He Maintains That Treated Ac-
cording to His Formula Bodies
Will Last Forever.
ATI ANTA, Ga.. Saturday.-A process of pre-
Ferving human bodies known to the Egypt
Jana, lost, and sought for in vain by chernista
for more than two thousand years, has been
iscovered. It is alleged. by Dr. Arnold
Rosett, of Atlanta.
Unlike the method practised by the priests
who laid the Iharaohs in their sarcophagi.
the process of Dr. Rosett is not one of mum-
mification. but turns human flesh into stone.
Dr. Rosett ays he worked for two years
and a half before he finally succeeded in sur-
pristag nature at her secret.. It was about
cght months ago, while he was taking a
post-graduate course at Johns Hopkins Uni-
Acry in Baltimore, that his efforts were
crowned with success. This success cime as
a surprise to himself.
Dr Rosett was first attracted to the study
of preserving dead bodies while he was a
student at the University of Maryland. He
determined. If the expenditure of time and
labor would avall, that he would find the
secret.
Almost at the outset he discarded all
thought of seeking to discover again the
methods of embalming used by the ERуp-
tlans. He was after something that would
preserve all the outlines of the body In an
unsarunken condition. The Egyptian mum-
mies crumble.
In the briefest possible phrase, he "forces"
the low natural method of turning flesh int>
Mone. The body upon which he is to work
1 put into an airtight vessel of glass or
enameled ware, and the chemicals which
are used are introduced.
Organie Matter Displaced.
It is kept in a temperature of about 20
degrees Reaumur. Gradually the molecules
of resh are displaced and for every part-
cle is substituted a like bulk of inorganle
matter. If the process were done all at once.
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sldered only from Men whose record as
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financial responsibility. It is important
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17 PARK PLACE,
ANDERSON!
X-LIGHT.

[PAGE BREAK]

1887
25 max Joy
page
Scientists to take look
at ironclad wreckage
HATTERAS, N.C. (AP) Sci-
entists will be taking another look
this week at the wreckage of the
Monitor, a Civil War ironclad vessel
that lies in 220 feet of water 16 miles
offshore.
Remote-controlled submarines
will prowl the Atlantic Ocean floor
and provide researchers with a clear
picture of the wreckage on a video
screen, said Dane Konop, a spokes-
man for the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration. The
federal agency is overseeing a $1.8
million operation to see if it would
be possible to raise the ship.
"We plan for all of the work to be
done by remote-operated vehicles,
Konop said. "We don't intend to do
any manned dives this time."
That could change, he said, if
some particularly significant artifact
was found by the ROVS, as the
submarines are called.
Since the wreck was discovered in
1973 by Duke University research-
ers, divers have recovered more than
130 artifacts, including the ship's
anchor.
"Obviously, when a ship goes
down, everything does not stay in
one place,' Konop said. "With
divers, they concentrated on the
hull, but with the ROVS we hope to
cover a large area - the debris field
around the wreck.
The Monitor fought the Confeder-
ate ironclad Merrimack to a draw in
the Battle of Hampton Roads in
March 1862. The battle, the first
between ironclad ships, is credited
with revolutionizing naval warfare.
The Monitor went down off
Hatteras during a storm in
December 1862 as it
towed.
was being
Konop said this week's expedition
will give scientists a chance to
produce an updated map of the site,
to examine the wreckage itself and to
conduct corrosion studies.
But the major goal of the opera-
tion is to determine whether all or
any part of the Monitor can be
raised, he said. Scientists have
worried that it might be impractical,
if not impossible, to preserve the
wreck if it was brought to the
surface.
In February, NOAA named the
Mariners' Museum in Newport
News, Va., as the principal institu-
tion for the ship's artifacts.
Associated Press
This is an artist's conception of a planned detailed study of the USS Monitor
by the Navy's remotely operated vehicle Deep Drone to determine of all or
part of the Civil War ironclad might be salvaged.